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1.
Geriatr., Gerontol. Aging (Online) ; 14(2): 98-107, 30/06/2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1103693

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare balance between older adults with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in tasks involving proprioceptive changes and respiratory muscle load, and to investigate the association between balance, functional capacity, and peripheral and respiratory muscle strength. METHODS: Fourteen older adults with COPD undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation and nine older adults without pulmonary disease were evaluated for static balance on a force platform under four conditions: eyes open, eyes closed, eyes closed on foam, and eyes open with respiratory overload. Differences between groups, among conditions and group/condition interactions, were tested using two-way ANOVA. Associations were explored using Pearsons correlation coefficient. RESULTS: No differences in the posturographic variables were found in the group/condition interactions (p ≥0.23). The COPD group exhibited greater total displacement (F = 8.79, p = 0.003), mediolateral sway (F = 4.01, p = 0.04) and anteroposterior velocity (F = 4.28, p = 0.04) in the group effect analysis. Significant differences were found between eyes closed on foam and other conditions for all posturographic variables: anteroposterior sway (F = 13.39), mediolateral sway (F = 28.58), total displacement (F = 59.4), area (F = 37.68), anteroposterior velocity (F = 26.42), and mediolateral velocity (F = 33.29), in the condition effect analysis (p <0.001, post-hoc). In the COPD group, significant correlations were found between the Glittre-ADL test, anteroposterior sway (r = 0.68, p = 0.01), and anteroposterior velocity (r = 0.67, p = 0.009); the 6MWT was also correlated with anteroposterior velocity (r = 0.59, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Older adults with COPD present balance deficits compared to healthy individuals. The unstable surface caused greater postural instability compared to other conditions in both groups. Impaired balance was associated with reduced physical function and exercise capacity.


OBJETIVO: Comparar o equilíbrio entre idosos com e sem doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) em tarefas envolvendo alterações proprioceptiva e sobrecarga muscular respiratória além de investigar a associação entre equilíbrio, capacidade funcional e força muscular respiratória e periférica. METODOLOGIA: Quatorze idosos com DPOC participantes de reabilitação pulmonar e nove idosos sem doença pulmonar tiveram seu equilíbrio estático avaliado em uma plataforma de força em quatro condições: olhos abertos, olhos fechados, olhos fechados com espuma e olhos abertos com sobrecarga respiratória. As diferenças entre os grupos, condições e interações grupo/condição foram testadas utilizando a ANOVA bidirecional. As associações foram testadas utilizando o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. RESULTADOS: Não foram observadas diferenças nas variáveis posturográficas nas interações grupo/condição (p ≥0,23). O grupo com DPOC apresentou maior deslocamento total (F = 8,79, p = 0,003), oscilação médio-lateral (F = 4,01, p = 0,04) e velocidade anteroposterior (F = 4,28, p = 0,04) na análise do efeito grupo. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre a condição de olhos fechados com espuma e as demais condições em todas as variáveis posturográficas: oscilação anteroposterior (F = 13,39) e médio-lateral (F = 28,58), deslocamento total (F = 59,4), área (F = 37,68), velocidade anteroposterior (F = 26,42) e médio-lateral (F = 33,29), na análise do efeito condição (p <0,001, post-hoc). No grupo DPOC, foram observadas correlações significativas entre o teste Glittre-AVD, oscilação anteroposterior (r = 0,68, p = 0,01) e velocidade anteroposterior (r = 0,67, p = 0,009); o TC6m também foi correlacionado com a velocidade anteroposterior (r = -0,59, p = 0,03). CONCLUSÃO: Os idosos com DPOC apresentaram déficits de equilíbrio em relação aos indivíduos saudáveis. A superfície instável provocou maior instabilidade postural em comparação às outras condições em ambos os grupos. O equilíbrio prejudicado está associado ao desempenho funcional reduzido e à baixa capacidade de exercício.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Proprioception , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , Postural Balance , Spirometry , Respiratory Muscles , Brazil , Health of the Elderly , Muscle Strength , Walk Test
2.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 80(2): 143-149, abr. 2020. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1125055

ABSTRACT

Desde 1996, el Hospital del Tórax Dr. Antonio A. Cetrángolo aplica un programa de rehabilitación respiratoria, el cual requiere la concurrencia al hospital, dos veces por semana, de los pacientes con enfermedad respiratoria crónica. En 2015, se desarrolló el programa domiciliario (PD) para pacientes que viven a más de 10 km del hospital, o necesitan más de 60 minutos de viaje, o trabajan y tienen incompatibilidad de horarios con el programa hospitalario. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo con el objetivo de describir la adherencia al programa domiciliario de pacientes con enfermedad respiratoria crónica y explorar los factores relacionados. En 2017, 96 de 127 (75.6%) pacientes elegibles para rehabilitación respiratoria fueron asignados al programa domiciliario y se les indicó cumplimentar al menos tres sesiones semanales de ejercicios de resistencia aeróbica, fuerza segmentaria de miembros superiores e inferiores y flexibilidad; y concurrir al hospital cada 20 o 30 días; a la quinta visita se realizó la reevaluación. Se consideró "adherencia al PD" cuando el paciente completaba la misma. El 40.6% (n = 39) solo asistió a la evaluación inicial y un 23% (n = 22) adhirió al programa. El grupo adherente presentó, al inicio, mejor FVC (p = 0.013), menor score de disnea (p = 0.008), menos de dos o más exacerbaciones en los seis meses previos (p = 0.032). Un solo paciente necesitaba tres o más transportes para llegar al hospital (p = 0.006). Los resultados sugieren que la adherencia al programa domiciliario se relacionó con mejor situación clínica y mejor accesibilidad a la institución.


Since 1996, the Hospital del Tórax Dr. Antonio A. Centrángolo conducts a pulmonary rehabilitation program that requires patients with chronic pulmonary disease to attend the hospital twice a week. In 2015 the home-based program (HBP) was developed for patients living more than either 10 km or 60 minutes away from the hospital, or with conflicting working schedules. A retrospective study was conducted to describe the adherence to the home-based program by patients with chronic pulmonary disease, and explore adherence-related factors. In 2017, 96 (75.6%) of 127 patients eligible for pulmonary rehabilitation were assigned to the home-based program; they were instructed to complete at least three exercise sessions a week -including aerobic and resistance, segmental strength of upper and lower limbs, and flexibility-; and attend hospital visits every 20 to 30 days; "adherence to the HBP" was determined for patients who attended their final assessment on the fifth visit. A 40.6% (n = 39) of the patients only attended the first visit; 23% (n = 22) adhered to the program. This latter group of patients had shown, at their first assessment, better FVCs (p = 0.013), lower dyspnea scores (p = 0.008), and less than two or more exacerbations during the previous 6 months (p = 0.032). Only one patient needed to take three or more different transportation services to reach the hospital (p = 0.006). The results suggest that adherence to the home-based program was associated to a better clinical status and better access to the hospital.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , Treatment Adherence and Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Retrospective Studies , Home Care Services, Hospital-Based , Home Care Services
3.
CoDAS ; 32(4): e20190036, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1133513

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a relação entre o risco de disfagia e o estado de saúde de indivíduos com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC). Método: Estudo transversal, com amostra de conveniência. Foram incluídos 23 indivíduos com diagnóstico de DPOC, de acordo com os critérios de GOLD (2019). São participantes de um programa de reabilitação pulmonar, clinicamente estáveis (sem exacerbações dos sintomas, no mínimo, de 30 dias) e em tratamento medicamentoso otimizado. Foram avaliadas as medidas antropométricas (IMC), o pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE), o estado mental (MEEM), o risco de disfagia (Eating Assessment Tool -EAT-10) e o estado de saúde (COPD Assessment Test -CAT). A média de idade dos participantes foi de 60,39 ± 9,90 anos, dos quais 11 eram do sexo feminino e eutróficos. Resultados: Foram encontradas associações positiva e moderada (r=0,57; p=0,004) entre o escore obtido pelo CAT e EAT-10 de indivíduos com DPOC. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstraram relação entre o risco de disfagia e o estado de saúde nos indivíduos com DPOC.


ABSTRACT Purpose: To verify the relationship between the risk of dysphagia and health status in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Method: Cross-sectional study with convenience sample. Twenty-three individuals with a diagnosis of COPD according to GOLD 2019 criteria. The individuals participated in a pulmonary rehabilitation program, clinically stable (without exacerbations of at least 30 days) and in optimized drug treatment were included. The study analyzed anthropometric measures (BMI), peak expiratory flow (PEF), mental status (MEEM), eating assessment tool (EAT-10), and health status (COPD Assessment Test -CAT). The mean age was 60.39 ± 9.90 years, 11 individuals were female and eutrophic. Results: We observed a positive and moderate association (r = 0.57, p = 0.004) between the CAT and EAT-10 scores in the sample studied. Conclusion: The results demonstrated relationship between the risk of dysphagia and the health status in individuals with COPD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications , Respiratory Function Tests , Health Status , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , Middle Aged
4.
J. bras. pneumol ; 46(6): e20190309, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1134916

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar se existem diferenças em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) fenótipos exacerbador e não exacerbador submetidos a um programa de reabilitação pulmonar (PRP). Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de vida real que incluiu pacientes com DPOC da rede pública de atendimento ambulatorial em nível de atenção primária, que completaram o PRP, com duração de 12 semanas, três vezes por semana. Todos foram avaliados antes e depois do PRP, por meio do teste de caminhada dos seis minutos (TC6min), índice de dispneia (mMRC), qualidade de vida e índice BODE. Resultados Dos 151 pacientes analisados, a média de idade foi 65,0 ± 8,1 anos e a média VEF1% do predito foi de 39,8 ± 15,9. O gênero predominante foi o masculino (66,9%). Desses pacientes, 31 (20,5%) eram fenótipo exacerbador. Houve melhora significativa na média da distância percorrida no TC6min em ambos os grupos, sendo a maior mudança observada no grupo exacerbador [mΔ(IC95%): 84,9 (57,1-112,6) vs. 48,6 (37-60,2); p = 0,018]. Redução significativa da dispneia pela escala mMRC ocorreu em ambos os grupos, sendo de maior intensidade no grupo exacerbador [mΔ(IC95%): -0,8 (-1,11 a 0,51) vs. -1,6 (-2,20 a -1,13); p = 0,006]. Melhora no índice BODE ocorreu em ambos os grupos, mas a variação média também foi significativamente maior no grupo exacerbador [mΔ(IC95%): -1,44 (-2,17 a -0,70); p = 0,045]. Conclusão Os pacientes com DPOC fenótipo exacerbador apresentaram maior magnitude de resposta ao PRP (36 metros) quando comparados ao não exacerbador, independentemente da gravidade da obstrução do fluxo aéreo, impactando a melhora no prognóstico medido pelo índice BODE.


ABSTRACT Objective To verify if there are differences in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patient exacerbator and non-exacerbator phenotypes undergoing a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program (PRP). Methods A real life retrospective study included outpatients with COPD from public primary care who completed a 12-weeks PRP, three times a week. All were assessed before and after PRP using the six-minute walk test (6MWT), the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea index, quality of life and Body-mass Index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea and Exercise (BODE index). Results A total of 151 patients were analyzed and mean age was 65.0 ± 8.1 years and mean Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV) 1% of predicted was 39.8 ± 15.9. The predominant gender was male (66.9%). Of these patients 31 (20.5%) were exacerbator phenotype There was a significant improvement in the mean distance in the 6MWT in both groups, with the largest change observed in the exacerbator group [mΔ (95% CI): 84.9 (57.1-112.6) vs. 48.6 (37-60.2) p= 0.018]. Significant reduction in dyspnea on the mMRC scale occurred in both groups, with the highest intensity in the exacerbator group [mΔ (95% CI): - 0.8 (-1.11 to 0.51) vs. -1.6 (-2.20 to -1.13) p = 0.006]. Improvement in the BODE index occurred in both groups, but the mean variation was also significantly greater in the exacerbator group [mΔ (95% CI): -1.44 (-2.17 to -0.70) p= 0.045]. Conclusion Patients with COPD exacerbator phenotype had a greater magnitude of response to PRP (36 meters) when compared to non-exacerbator phenotype regardless the severity of airflow obstruction, also showing improvement in prognosis measured by the BODE index.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Quality of Life/psychology , Exercise Tolerance/physiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , Dyspnea/etiology , Phenotype , Severity of Illness Index , Body Mass Index , Forced Expiratory Volume , Retrospective Studies , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/psychology
6.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 53(3): e9391, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089342

ABSTRACT

The oxygen uptake (V˙O2) kinetics during onset of and recovery from exercise have been shown to provide valuable parameters regarding functional capacity of both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. To investigate the influence of comorbidity of COPD in patients with CHF with reduced ejection fraction on recovery from submaximal exercise, 9 CHF-COPD male patients and 10 age-, gender-, and left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF)-matched CHF patients underwent constant-load exercise tests (CLET) at moderate and high loads. The V˙O2, heart rate (HR), and cardiac output (CO) recovery kinetics were determined for the monoexponential relationship between these variables and time. Within-group analysis showed that the recovery time constant of HR (P<0.05, d=1.19 for CHF and 0.85 for CHF-COPD) and CO (P<0.05, d=1.68 for CHF and 0.69 for CHF-COPD) and the mean response time (MRT) of CO (P<0.05, d=1.84 for CHF and 0.73 for CHF-COPD) were slower when moderate and high loads were compared. CHF-COPD patients showed smaller amplitude of CO recovery kinetics (P<0.05) for both moderate (d=2.15) and high (d=1.07) CLET. Although the recovery time constant and MRT means were greater in CHF-COPD, CHF and CHF-COPD groups were not differently affected by load (P>0.05 in group vs load analysis). The ventilatory efficiency was related to MRT of V˙O2 during high CLET (r=0.71). Our results suggested that the combination of CHF and COPD may further impair the recovery kinetics compared to CHF alone.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Maximal Voluntary Ventilation/physiology , Exercise Tolerance/physiology , Recovery of Function/physiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , Exercise Therapy/methods , Kinetics , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology
7.
Fisioter. Pesqui. (Online) ; 26(3): 275-284, jul.-set. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039892

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT This study sought to quantify and qualitatively analyze the perception of physical therapists about facilitators and the challenges in the use of different types of tools for resistance training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. This was a mixed-model study with qualitative analysis developed in a rehabilitation center. Six physical therapists who performed a randomized clinical trial were interviewed. The protocol consisted of the evaluation of three types of resistance training: elastic tubes, elastic bands, and training with conventional weight machines. After completion of the randomized trial, therapists were invited to participate in a focus group to collect qualitative data. Physical therapists also answered a quantitative questionnaire containing closed questions. The main outcome measures were the opinion of physical therapists about the advantages and disadvantages in clinical practice of each of the analyzed tools. The focus group analysis resulted in eight themes: Insecurities regarding load and handling tools, implementation of home-based treatment, improvements of tools, advantages and disadvantages of tools, incidence of injuries with elastic tools, patient's preferences, and particularities of the tools. Physical therapists pointed out different challenges and facilitators for resistance training. Characteristics of the tools such as costs, portability, handling and practicality were cited as factors that influence clinical practice. In the quantitative analysis, no differences were observed when comparing the scores of each instrument. The three tools analyzed are applicable and feasible in the clinical practice of physical therapists; moreover, they present different characteristics and particularities that should be considered, such as cost, clinical applicability, portability and perception of the patient and therapists.


RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi quantificar e analisar qualitativamente a percepção de fisioterapeutas sobre facilitadores e barreiras no uso de diferentes ferramentas para treinamento resistido em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC). O método utilizado foi desenvolvido em um centro de reabilitação. Seis fisioterapeutas que participaram como terapeutas de um ensaio clínico randomizado foram entrevistados. O protocolo consistiu na avaliação de três ferramentas para treinamento resistido: tubos elásticos, bandas elásticas e treinamento convencional com equipamentos de musculação. Depois da finalização do ensaio clínico randomizado, os fisioterapeutas foram convidados a participar de um grupo focal para análise qualitativa e responder questionário fechado para análise quantitativa. Os profissionais opinaram sobre vantagens e desvantagens de cada uma das três ferramentas na prática clínica. A análise do grupo focal resultou em oito temas: insegurança em relação à carga e manuseio das ferramentas; implementação de tratamento domiciliar; melhorias para ferramentas; vantagens e desvantagens das ferramentas; incidência de lesões com ferramentas elásticas; preferência dos pacientes; e particularidades de cada ferramenta. Fisioterapeutas apontaram diferentes barreiras e facilitadores para o treinamento resistido. Características das ferramentas - como custo, portabilidade, manuseio, praticidade e percepção do paciente e fisioterapeuta - foram citadas como fatores que influenciam a prática clínica. Na análise quantitativa, nenhuma diferença foi observada quando comparados os escores para cada instrumento. As três ferramentas são aplicáveis na prática clínica do fisioterapeuta. Adicionalmente, as características e particularidades de cada uma delas devem ser consideradas.


RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue cuantificar y analizar cualitativamente la percepción de fisioterapeutas sobre facilitadores y barreras en el uso de diferentes herramientas de entrenamiento de resistencia en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). El método utilizado fue desarrollado en un centro de rehabilitación. Seis profesionales que participaron como terapeutas en un ensayo clínico aleatorizado fueron entrevistados. El protocolo consistió en la evaluación de tres herramientas de entrenamiento de resistencia: tubos elásticos, bandas elásticas y entrenamiento convencional con equipo de entrenamiento con pesas. Después del ensayo clínico aleatorizado, se invitó a los fisioterapeutas a participar en un grupo focal para análisis cualitativo y a responder un cuestionario cerrado para análisis cuantitativo. Los profesionales opinaron sobre las ventajas y desventajas de cada una de las tres herramientas en la práctica clínica. El análisis del grupo resultó en ocho temas: falta de fiabilidad en lo referente a la carga y al manejo de las herramientas; puesta en práctica del tratamiento domiciliario; mejoras en las herramientas; ventajas y desventajas de las herramientas; incidencia de lesiones con las herramientas elásticas; preferencia de los pacientes; particularidades de cada herramienta. Los fisioterapeutas señalaron diferentes barreras y facilitadores para el entrenamiento de resistencia. Características de la herramienta - como costo, portabilidad, manejo, practicidad y percepción del paciente y del fisioterapeuta - fueron mencionadas como factores que influyen en la práctica clínica. En el análisis cuantitativo no se observaron diferencias de puntaje entre los instrumentos. Las tres herramientas son aplicables en la práctica clínica del fisioterapeuta. Además, se deben considerar las características y particularidades de cada una de ellas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Physical Therapy Modalities , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , Surveys and Questionnaires , Qualitative Research , Resistance Training , Physical Therapists
8.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 32(2): e1439, 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019236

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Abdominal disorders can alter respiratory function and increase the morbidity and mortality of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Aim: To improve the physiotherapeutic and muscular capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary muscular inspiration in the preoperative preparation in abdominal surgeries. Method: Retrospective and documentary study using SINPE © , clinical database software of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and candidates to abdominal operation. The sample consisted of 100 men aged 55-70 years, all with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who underwent preoperative physiotherapeutic treatment. They were divided into two groups of 50 individuals (group A and group B). In group A the patients were treated with modern mobility techniques for bronchial clearance and the strengthening of the respiratory muscles was performed with IMT ® Threshold. In group B the treatment performed for bronchial obstruction was with classic maneuvers and for the strengthening of the respiratory muscles for flow incentive was used Respiron ® . Results: Both groups obtained improvement in the values ​​of the PiMáx after the different treatments. Group A obtained greater change in the intervals and a more significant increase of the values of the PiMax in relation to the average pre and post-treatment. However, when analyzing the variance and the standard deviation of the samples, group B presented the best results showing more homogeneity. Conclusions: The modern and traditional bronchial clearance techniques associated with inspiratory muscle training were equally effective in gaining inspiratory muscle strength with increased Pmax. In this way, the two can be used in the preoperative preparation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and referred to abdominal operations.


RESUMO Racional: As operações abdominais podem alterar a função respiratória e aumentar a morbimortalidade dos operados com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. Objetivo: Avaliar que técnica fisioterapêutica apresenta melhor efeito na força muscular inspiratória dos pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica no preparo pré-operatório em operações abdominais. Método: Estudo retrospectivo e documental usando o SINPE©, software de banco de dados clínicos de pacientes portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e candidatos a operações abdominais. A amostra foi composta de 100 homens com idade entre 55-70 anos, todos com DPOC com indicação para operação abdominal e que realizaram tratamento fisioterapêutico pré-operatório. Foram divididos em dois grupos de 50 indivíduos (grupo A e grupo B). No grupo A o tratamento realizado para a desobstrução brônquica foi com técnicas modernas e para fortalecimento dos músculos respiratórios foi realizado o Threshold IMT®. No grupo B o tratamento realizado para desobstrução brônquica foi com técnicas tradicionais e para fortalecimento dos músculos respiratórios foi realizado incentivador a fluxo Respiron®. Resultados: Ambos os grupos obtiveram melhora dos valores da PiMáx (Pressão inspiratória Máxima) após o tratamento com abordagens diferentes com melhora também nos intervalos da PiMáx. O grupo A obteve maior mudança nos intervalos e aumento mais significativo dos valores da PiMáx em relação à média pré e pós tratamento. Porém, ao analisar a variância e o desvio-padrão das amostras, o grupo B apresentou melhor distribuição que o grupo A mostrando que seus resultados na amostra foram mais homogêneos. Conclusões: As técnicas modernas e tradicionais de desobstrução brônquica associadas ao treinamento muscular inspiratório mostraram-se igualmente eficazes no ganho de força dos músculos inspiratórios com aumento da PiMáx. Dessa forma as duas podem ser utilizadas no preparo pré-operatório de pacientes com DPOC e encaminhados para operações abdominais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Digestive System Surgical Procedures , Respiratory Muscles/physiopathology , Breathing Exercises/methods , Preoperative Care/methods , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Respiratory Function Tests , Spirometry , Software , Retrospective Studies , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation
9.
J. bras. pneumol ; 45(6): e20180132, 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1040290

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: Preoperative functional evaluation is central to optimizing the identification of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who are candidates for surgery. The minute ventilation/carbon dioxide output (VE/VCO2) slope has proven to be a predictor of surgical complications and mortality. Pulmonary rehabilitation programs (PRPs) could influence short-term outcomes in patients with COPD undergoing lung resection. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of a PRP on the VE/VCO2 slope in a cohort of patients with COPD undergoing lung resection for NSCLC. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 25 consecutive patients with COPD participating in a three-week high-intensity PRP prior to undergoing lung surgery for NSCLC, between December of 2015 and January of 2017. Patients underwent complete functional assessment, including spirometry, DLCO measurement, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Results: There were no significant differences between the mean pre- and post-PRP values (% of predicted) for FEV1 (61.5 ± 22.0% vs. 62.0 ± 21.1%) and DLCO (67.2 ± 18.1% vs. 67.5 ± 13.2%). Conversely, there were significant improvements in the mean peak oxygen uptake (from 14.7 ± 2.5 to 18.2 ± 2.7 mL/kg per min; p < 0.001) and VE/VCO2 slope (from 32.0 ± 2.8 to 30.1 ± 4.0; p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our results indicate that a high-intensity PRP can improve ventilatory efficiency in patients with COPD undergoing lung resection for NSCLC. Further comprehensive prospective studies are required to corroborate these preliminary results.


RESUMO Objetivos: A avaliação funcional pré-operatória é fundamental para otimizar a seleção dos pacientes para cirurgia torácica para tratamento do CPCNP. Uma alta inclinação VE/VCO2 se mostrou um preditor de complicações cirúrgicas e de aumento da mortalidade. Programas de reabilitação pulmonar (PRP) demonstraram aumentar os parâmetros funcionais e os desfechos de curto prazo em pacientes com DPOC submetidos à ressecção pulmonar. O impacto dos PRP na inclinação VE/VCO2 não foi totalmente investigado. Métodos: Avaliamos retrospectivamente 25 pacientes com DPOC consecutivos submetidos aos efeitos de um programa de reabilitação pulmonar de alta intensidade (PRP) na inclinação VE/VCO2. Resultados: Não foram observadas variações significativas nos principais parâmetros espirométricos após o programa de reabilitação de três semanas (pré-reabilitação VEF1 versus pós-reabilitação VEF1 %prev: 61,5 ± 22,0% para 62,0 ± 21,1%, ns; pré-reabilitação DLCO para pós-reabilitação DLCO %prev: 67,2 ± 18,1% para 67,5 ± 13,2%, ns). Por outro lado, o pico de VO2 e a inclinação VE/VCO2 melhoraram significativamente após PRP (pico de VO2 pré-reabilitação para pico de VO2 pós-reabilitação: 14,7 ± 2,5 para 18,2 ± 2,7 mL/kg/min, p < 0,0000001; inclinação pré-reabilitação VE/VCO2 para pós-reabilitação inclinação VE/VCO2: 32,0 ± 2,8 para 30,1 ± 4,0, p<0,01). Conclusão: Documentamos o benefício no desempenho físico de um treinamento de três semanas em um grupo de pacientes com DPOC com um comprometimento funcional notável em parâmetros de esforço. Dados adicionais e mais abrangentes são necessários para esclarecer os mecanismos fisiológicos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/rehabilitation , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , Exercise Therapy/methods , Lung Neoplasms/rehabilitation , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Reference Values , Spirometry , Time Factors , Carbon Dioxide/metabolism , Vital Capacity/physiology , Forced Expiratory Volume/physiology , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/physiopathology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Exercise Test , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Lung Neoplasms/physiopathology
10.
J. bras. pneumol ; 45(6): e20180011, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1040294

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), in comparison with those of continuous exercise, on functional capacity and cardiovascular variables in patients with COPD, through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Methods: We searched PubMed, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and EMBASE, as well as performing hand searches, for articles published up through January of 2017. We included studies comparing exercise regimens of different intensities, in terms of their effects on functional capacity and cardiovascular variables in patients with COPD. Results: Of the 78 articles identified, 6 were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) did not differ significantly between HIIT and control interventions. That was true for relative VO2max (0.03 mL/kg/min; 95% CI: −3.05 to 3.10) and absolute VO2max (0.03 L/min, 95% CI: −0.02 to 0.08). Conclusions: The effects of HIIT appear to be comparable to those of continuous exercise in relation to functional and cardiovascular responses. However, our findings should be interpreted with caution because the studies evaluated present a high risk of bias, which could have a direct influence on the results.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar e comparar os efeitos do high-intensity interval training (HIIT, treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade) aos do exercício contínuo sobre a capacidade funcional e variáveis cardiovasculares em pacientes com DPOC por meio de revisão sistemática e meta-análise de estudos controlados randomizados. Métodos: A busca incluiu as bases PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials e EMBASE, além de busca manual, até janeiro de 2017. Foram incluídos estudos que compararam os efeitos de diferentes intensidades de exercício em pacientes com DPOC sobre a capacidade funcional e variáveis cardiovasculares. Resultados: Dos 78 artigos identificados, 6 foram incluídos na revisão sistemática e meta-análise. Em relação ao consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx), foi observado que não houve diferenças entre o HIIT e outra intervenção no VO2máx relativo (0,03 ml/kg/min; IC95%: −3,05 a 3,10) e VO2máx absoluto (0,03 l/min; IC95%: −0,02 a 0,08). Conclusões: O HIIT e o exercício contínuo atuam de maneira semelhante em relação a respostas funcionais e cardiovasculares. Entretanto, os resultados apresentados devem ser analisados com cautela, pois os estudos incluídos apresentaram alto risco de viés, podendo influenciar diretamente seus resultados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , Exercise Therapy/methods , High-Intensity Interval Training/methods , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Time Factors , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Treatment Outcome
11.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 146(11): 1304-1308, nov. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1043147

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Only 6% of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) participate in pulmonary rehabilitation programs (PR) and only 50% of those who participate, complete these programs. Aim: To determine rates of PR program participation and completion among patients with COPD in Chile. Material and Methods: Analysis of a database available at the Ministry of Health, which included data of 277491 patients with COPD (55% females) and their participation in PR programs, between 2014 and 2016. Results: Forty percent of patients were over 75 years of age. Participation rates in PR programs ranged from 2.4 to 2.9%. Rates of completion ranged from 26 to 36%. Conclusions: There is a low rate of participation in PR programs among patients with COPD. Approximately one third of participants complete these programs.


Antecedentes: solo el 6% de los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica.(EPOC) participa en programas de rehabilitación pulmonar. (RP) y solo el 50% de los que participan, completan estos programas. Objetivo: Determinar los índices de participación y adherencia a programas de RP entre los pacientes con EPOC en Chile. Material y Métodos: Análisis de una base de datos disponible en el Ministerio de Salud, que incluía datos de 277,491 pacientes con EPOC (55% mujeres) y su participación en programas de RP, entre 2014 y 2016. Resultados: el cuarenta por ciento de los pacientes tenían más de 75 años de edad. Tasas de participación en programas de RP osciló entre 2,4 y 2,9%. Las tasas de finalización oscilaron entre el 26 y el 36%. Conclusiones: Existe una baja tasa de participación en programas de RP entre pacientes con EPOC. Aproximadamente un tercio de los participantes completan estos programas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Respiratory Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , Time Factors , Chile , Retrospective Studies , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Statistics, Nonparametric
12.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 31(5)set.-out. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-914754

ABSTRACT

Background: The improvement of treatment strategies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and especially with comorbid pathology should provide rational conversion of standard schemes of therapy and rehabilitation in accordance with their clinical, pathogenic, functional and economic feasibility. Objective: To assess the influence of pulmonary rehabilitation on clinical characteristics in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and concomitant COPD. Methods: The study included 102 patients with CHF and concomitant COPD (males, 62%; mean age, 68.2 ± 4.5 years). All patients were divided into two groups: control group (CG) (n = 54), received only standard therapy of CHF and COPD; and intervention group (IG) (n = 48) were additionally taught the full yogic breathing as a program of pulmonary rehabilitation. Calculation of points by clinical evaluation scale (CES), assessment of CHF functional class (FC) (NYHA) and 6-minute walk test (6MWT - with the evaluation of dyspnea by the Borg scale) were performed in all patients on admission to the department and at discharge. Significant association was defined by p value < 0.05. Results: At baseline, there were no significant differences in clinical characteristics of the patients and studied parameters between the groups. At discharge both groups showed significant reduction of dyspnea by the Borg scale (in CG: from 7.2 ± 0.8 points to 5.2 ± 0.3; in IG: from 7.4 ± 0.6 points to 3.2 ± 0.4), the number of points by CES (in CG: from 10.8 ± 0.3 points to 7.2 ± 0.4; in IG: from 10.7 ± 0.6 points to 5.9 ± 0.6). Increase in exercise tolerance (by the distance of 6MWT) was observed in both groups (in CG: from 215 ± 24 m to 275 ± 22 m; in IG: from 219 ± 21 m to 308 ± 24 m). The changes were more significant in IG compared to CG. We observed the prominent decrease in CHF FC and length of hospital stay in IG. Conclusions: Application of full yogic breathing as the program of pulmonary rehabilitation in addition to standard therapy of the patients with CHF and COPD is associated with a significant decrease in CHF FC, an increase in exercise tolerance and a reduced length of hospital stay


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Exercise Therapy , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Heart Failure/therapy , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , Breathing Exercises/methods , Dyspnea/diagnosis , Dyspnea/therapy , Oxygen Consumption , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Treatment Outcome , Walk Test , Yoga
13.
Rev. méd. Maule ; 33(2): 40-50, sept. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1292524

ABSTRACT

There are increasingly more data on the prevalence and distribution of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) from around the world. COPD is predicted to be the third most frequent cause of death in the world by 2020. COPD is mainly caused by chronic tobacco smoking, which induces important changes in both the airways and lung parenchyma. COPD is a progressive, disabling condition that ultimately ends in respiratory failure and death. Is a multicomponent disease, there is evidence that systemic inflammation and extrapulmonary effects are also common in COPD, although the association between systemic inflammation and systemic manifestations of COPD is still not entirely clear. COPD has been associated with a nihilistic attitude. On the basis of current evidence, this nihilistic attitude is totally unjustified. The disease must be viewed through the lens of a new paradigm: COPD is not only preventable but also treatable. The past decade has witnessed great progress in COPD research. New drugs have been developed and tested and a growing base of scientific evidence now documents the efficacy of various therapies for symptoms and exacerbations. It is clear that many patients with COPD can benefit from aggressive management, with a decrease in the frequency of hospitalizations and improvements in symptoms and quality of life. In addition, basic and clinical scientists have now identified cells, mechanisms, and molecules that appear to play key roles in disease pathogenesis. Additional novel treatments are on the horizon and the advent of newer and more effective therapies will lead to a decline in the contribution of this disease to poor world health. The good news about COPD is to increase awareness of the disease. COPD is now viewed under a new paradigm as preventable and treatable.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 21st Century , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/mortality , Respiratory Function Tests , Tobacco Use Disorder , Bronchitis, Chronic , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/history , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy , Emphysema , Lymph Nodes
14.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 111(3): 375-381, Sept. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-973762

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Although right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in pulmonary diseases has been associated with increased morbidity, tools for RV dysfunction identification are not well defined. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of RV dysfunction by means of speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to investigate whether STE could be used as an index of RV improvement after a pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program. Methods: Forty-six patients with COPD undergoing PR program and 32 age-sex matched healthy subjects were enrolled. RV function was evaluated at admission and after PR program by conventional two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and STE. In addition, exercise tolerance of subjects was evaluated using the six-minute walk test (6MWT). Results: COPD patients had worse RV function according to STE and 2DE as well. STE was more sensitive than conventional 2DE in determining RV improvement after PR program - RV global longitudinal strain (LS): 20.4 ± 2.4% vs. 21.9 ± 2.9% p < 0.001 and RV free wall LS: 18.1 ± 3.4% vs. 22.9 ± 3.7%, p < 0.001). RV free wall LS was directly related to distance walked at baseline 6MWT (r = 0.58, p < 0.001) and to the change in the 6MWT distance (6MWTD ∆) (r = 0.41, p = 0.04). Conclusions: We conclude that STE might be as effective as 2DE for evaluation of global and regional RV functions. STE may become an important tool for assessment and follow-up of COPD patients undergoing PR program to determine the relationship between RV function and exercise tolerance.


Resumo Fundamento: Embora a disfunção do ventrículo direito (VD) nas doenças pulmonares tenha sido associada ao aumento da morbidade, as ferramentas para a identificação da disfunção do VD não estão bem definidas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a disfunção do VD por ecocardiografia speckle tracking (STE) em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC), e se a STE pode ser usada como indicador de melhora da função ventricular direita após um programa de reabilitação pulmonar (RP). Métodos: Quarenta e seis pacientes com DPOC submetidos ao programa de RP e 32 controles sadios pareados por sexo e idade foram incluídos no estudo. A função do VD foi avaliada na admissão e após o programa de RP por ecocardiografia bidimensional convencional e por STE. Além disso, a tolerância ao exercício foi avaliada pelo teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6M). Resultados: Pacientes com DPOC apresentaram pior função do VD segundo STE e ecocardiografia bidimensional convencional. Em comparação ao método convencional, a STE mostrou maior sensibilidade em determinar melhora da função ventricular direita após o programa de RP - strain longitudinal (SL) global do VD: 20,4 ± 2,4% vs. 21,9 ± 2,9% p < 0,001; SL da parede livre do VD: 18,1 ± 3,4% vs. 22,9 ± 3,7%, p < 0,001. O SL da parede livre do VD relacionou-se diretamente com a distância percorrida no TC6M basal (r = 0,58, p < 0,001) e com a variação no TC6M ∆ (TC6M) (r = 0,41, p = 0,04). Conclusões: Concluímos que a STE pode ser tão eficaz como a ecocardiografia bidimensional convencional na avaliação das funções globais e regionais do VD. Ainda, a STE pode se tornar uma importante ferramenta de avaliação e acompanhamento de pacientes com DPOC submetidos à RP para determinar a relação entre função ventricular direita e tolerância ao exercício.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Echocardiography/methods , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/rehabilitation , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnostic imaging , Reference Values , Time Factors , Case-Control Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Ventricular Function, Right/physiology , Treatment Outcome , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/physiopathology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Heart Ventricles/diagnostic imaging
15.
J. bras. pneumol ; 43(6): 464-471, Nov.-Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893880

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate a 24-month supervised, community-based maintenance exercise program after 3 months of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in comparison with a 27-month physical activity counseling program, in terms of the effects on maximal muscle strength, muscle power output, and exercise capacity, in individuals with COPD. Methods: Sixty-three men with moderate-to-severe COPD were recruited from two previous studies. Of those 63 participants, 31 were offered 3 months of PR followed by a 24-month supervised maintenance exercise program (24MME group) and 32 were offered a 27-month physical activity counseling program (27MPAC group). Measurements at 3 months and at the end of the study period included maximal strength of the upper and lower limbs, power output of the lower limbs, six-minute walk distance (6MWD), and quality of life. Results: At 27 months, the improvements in maximal strength of the upper and lower limbs were greater in the 24MME group than in the 27MPAC group (37.6 ± 28.3% and 28.4 ± 13.3%, respectively, vs. 8.8 ± 16% and 13.6 ± 16.4%, respectively; p < 0.05), as was the improvement in power output of the lower limbs (24.6 ± 18.4% vs. −2.3 ± 28.5%; p < 0.01). The increase in the 6MWD after 3 months was also greater in the 24MME group than in the 27MPAC group (33.2 ± 36.6 m vs. 2.9 ± 34.7 m; p < 0.05), although there were no differences between the two groups in terms of the Δ6MWD at 27 months (vs. baseline). Conclusions: A supervised, community-based maintenance program is a successful long-term strategy to preserve the benefits of PR on peripheral muscle function and exercise capacity in individuals with COPD. However, physical activity counseling can maintain maximal muscle strength and exercise capacity in such individuals.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar um programa comunitário supervisionado de 24 meses de exercícios de manutenção precedido de 3 meses de reabilitação pulmonar (RP) em comparação com um programa de 27 meses de aconselhamento de atividade física, quanto aos efeitos na força muscular máxima, potência muscular e capacidade de exercício em indivíduos com DPOC. Métodos: Foram recrutados 63 homens com DPOC moderada a grave de dois estudos anteriores. A 31 desses 63 participantes foram oferecidos 3 meses de RP seguidos de um programa supervisionado de 24 meses de exercícios de manutenção (grupo 24MEM), e a 32, um programa de 27 meses de aconselhamento de atividade física (grupo 27MAAF). Medidas realizadas aos 3 meses e ao final do período estudado incluíram força máxima dos membros superiores e inferiores, potência dos membros inferiores, distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (DTC6) e qualidade de vida. Resultados: Aos 27 meses, a melhora da força máxima dos membros superiores e inferiores foi maior no grupo 24MEM que no grupo 27MAAF (37,6 ± 28,3% e 28,4 ± 13,3%, respectivamente, vs. 8,8 ± 16% e 13,6 ± 16,4%, respectivamente; p < 0,05), e houve melhora da potência dos membros inferiores (24,6 ± 18,4% vs. −2,3 ± 28,5%; p < 0,01). O aumento da DTC6 após 3 meses também foi maior no grupo 24MEM que no grupo 27MAAF (33,2 ± 36,6 m vs. 2,9 ± 34,7 m; p < 0,05), mas não houve diferenças entre os grupos quanto a ΔDTC6 aos 27 meses (vs. basal). Conclusões: Um programa comunitário supervisionado de manutenção é uma estratégia de longo prazo bem sucedida para preservar os benefícios da RP na função muscular periférica e capacidade de exercício em indivíduos com DPOC. No entanto, o aconselhamento de atividade física consegue manter a força muscular máxima e a capacidade de exercício nesses indivíduos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Exercise Tolerance/physiology , Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Exercise Therapy/methods , Muscle Strength/physiology , Quality of Life , Time Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , Walk Test
16.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 33(2): 85-90, 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-899665

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La EPOC se caracteriza principalmente por una limitación crónica del flujo aéreo que altera la calidad de vida de los sujetos que la padecen. El objetivo de este estudio es evidenciar los efectos que tiene un programa de rehabilitación pulmonar (RP) diseñado en atención primaria y con escasos recursos en un grupo de pacientes EPOC. Pacientes y Método: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo de 13 pacientes (5 hombres, 8 mujeres) de 74,38 ± 10,12 ( X ¯ ± DS) años de edad, con diagnóstico de EPOC (Estadio GOLD I, II y III) que fueron sometidos durante 3 meses a un programa de RP con énfasis en el entrenamiento de la musculatura respiratoria y periférica, kinesiterapia respiratoria y actividades recreativas como inflar globos. Las variables medidas pre y post entrenamiento fueron: función pulmonar, test de marcha de 6 min (TM6), disnea a través de la escala modificada del Medical Research Council (mMRC), presión inspiratoria máxima (PIM), a volumen residual (VR) y a capacidad residual funcional (CRF), tiempo de resistencia a la fatiga de la musculatura inspiratoria (TRFMI), tiempo de resistencia a la fatiga de la musculatura espiratoria (TRFME), calidad de vida a través del COPD Assessment Test (CAT) y la circunferencia de los globos inflados (CGI) por cada paciente. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa SPSS versión 22, utilizando la prueba t de student para muestras relacionadas. Resultados: Hubo cambios significativos (p < 0,05) en: PIM CRF, PIM VR, TRFMI, TRFME, TM6, Disnea, CAT y CGI. Conclusiones: Nuestro programa de RP mejoró ¡a disnea, capacidad de ejercicio, calidad de vida y la fuerza y resistencia de la musculatura respiratoria lo que se reflejó en una mayor CGI por cada paciente post entrenamiento. Por lo tanto, afirmamos que sí es posible diseñar un programa de RP en atención primaria con pocos recursos y obtener excelentes resultados.


Introduction: COPD is characterized by a chronic limitation to airflow that alters the quality of life of the people suffering this illness. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the effects that has a pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP) designed in primary care using limited resources in a group of COPD patients. Method: Prospective study of 13 patients (5 men, 8 women), age: 74.38 ± 10.12 ( X ¯ ± SD) years-old with COPD, GOLD stage I, II and III, which were submitted for 3 months to a pulmonary rehabilitation program with emphasis on the training of the respiratory muscles and recreational activities like inflating balloons. The variables measured pre and post training were: lung function, six-minute walk test (6MWT), dyspnea using the modified scale from Medical Research Council (mMRC), maximal inspiratory pressure (PIMax) at functional residual capacity (FRC), PIMax at residual volume (RV), time of fatigue resistance of the inspiratory and expiratory muscles (TFRIM and TFREM respectively), quality of life through the COPD assessment Test (CAT) and the circumference of the inflated balloons (CIB) for each patient. Results: Significant changes (p < 0.05) were found in: dyspnea, distance of 6MWT, PIMax at FRC, PIMax at RV, CAT, TFRIM, TFREM and CIB. Conclusions: Our pulmonary rehabilitation program improved the dyspnea, exercise capacity, quality of life and the strength and endurance of the respiratory muscles which was reflected by a greater circumference of the inflated balloons by each patient post-training. Therefore we affirm that it is possible to design a pulmonary rehabilitation program in primary care using limited resources and getting excellent results.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Primary Health Care , Breathing Exercises/methods , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , Leisure Activities , Quality of Life , Time Factors , Respiratory Muscles/physiology , Program Evaluation , Prospective Studies , Dyspnea/rehabilitation
17.
Rev. chil. ter. ocup ; 16(2): 77-91, dic. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869843

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), tercera enfermedad con mayor prevalencia a nivel mundial, es un trastorno de carácter respiratorio, que se acompaña de síntomas crónicos como disnea, tos y expectoración. Hipótesis: La aplicación de técnicas de simplificación de métodos y adaptaciones menores disminuye la carga cardiovascular (CC) en la ejecución de las actividades de la vida diaria (vestuario y baño ducha en personas con EPOC). Métodos y muestra: Esta investigación es de tipo semiexperimental y cuantitativa, con una muestra utilizada por conveniencia, compuesta por 6 sujetos pertenecientes a la Región Metropolitana. Resultados: Vestuario: Del total de la muestra, el 100 por ciento disminuye su porcentaje de CC tras la aplicación de técnicas de simplificación de métodos. Baño y ducha: Del total de la muestra, el 80 por ciento disminuye su porcentaje de CC tras la aplicación de técnicas de simplificación de métodos. Conclusiones: La implementación de las estrategias de intervención basadas en la técnica de simplificación de métodos demuestra ser efectiva para el grupo control que constituye esta muestra.


Reference: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), third most prevalent disease around the world, is a respiratory disorder, with chronic symptoms, as dyspnea, cough and expectoration. Hypothesis: the implementation the of methods simplification techniques reduces the cardiovascular load (CL) in daily activities performance (“clothing” and “bath and shower” in persons with COPD). Methods and sample: this is a quasi experimental and quantitative type. With a simple used by convenience, composed of 6 subjects from the Metropolitan Region. Results: Clothing: from the 6 subjects, the 100 percent decreases the CL percentage after the application of methods simplification techniques. Bath and shower: (in this case, the sample is composed by 5 subjects): 80 percent of the total sample decreases its CL percentage after the implementation of methods simplification techniques. Conclusions: the implementation of the intervention strategies based on the methods simplification technique evidence to be effective to the group that constitutes this sample.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Activities of Daily Living , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , Occupational Therapy/methods
18.
J. bras. pneumol ; 42(2): 121-129, Mar.-Apr. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-780892

ABSTRACT

Objective: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves exercise capacity in most but not all COPD patients. The factors associated with treatment success and the role of chest wall mechanics remain unclear. We investigated the impact of PR on exercise performance in COPD with severe hyperinflation. Methods: We evaluated 22 COPD patients (age, 66 ± 7 years; FEV1 = 37.1 ± 11.8% of predicted) who underwent eight weeks of aerobic exercise and strength training. Before and after PR, each patient also performed a six-minute walk test and an incremental cycle ergometer test. During the latter, we measured chest wall volumes (total and compartmental, by optoelectronic plethysmography) and determined maximal workloads. Results: We observed significant differences between the pre- and post-PR means for six-minute walk distance (305 ± 78 vs. 330 ± 96 m, p < 0.001) and maximal workload (33 ± 21 vs. 39 ± 20 W; p = 0.02). At equivalent workload settings, PR led to lower oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and minute ventilation. The inspiratory (operating) rib cage volume decreased significantly after PR. There were 6 patients in whom PR did not increase the maximal workload. After PR, those patients showed no significant decrease in VCO2 during exercise, had higher end-expiratory chest wall volumes with a more rapid shallow breathing pattern, and continued to experience symptomatic leg fatigue. Conclusions: In severe COPD, PR appears to improve oxygen consumption and reduce VCO2, with a commensurate decrease in respiratory drive, changes reflected in the operating chest wall volumes. Patients with severe post-exercise hyperinflation and leg fatigue might be unable to improve their maximal performance despite completing a PR program.


Objetivo: A reabilitação pulmonar (RP) melhora a capacidade de exercício na maioria (mas não todos) dos pacientes com DPOC. Os fatores associados ao sucesso do tratamento e o papel da mecânica da parede torácica na determinação desse sucesso ainda não é claro. Investigamos o impacto da RP no desempenho ao exercício em pacientes com DPOC e hiperinsuflação grave. Métodos: Foram avaliados 22 pacientes com DPOC (idade, 66 ± 7 anos; VEF1 = 37,1 ± 11,8% do previsto) submetidos a oito semanas de exercícios aeróbicos e treino de força. Antes e depois da RP, cada paciente também realizou um teste de caminhada de seis minutos e um teste de exercício incremental em uma bicicleta ergométrica. Durante esse último, os volumes da parede torácica (total e compartimental por pletismografia optoeletrônica) e a carga de trabalho máxima foram determinados. Resultados: Diferenças significativas foram observadas entre as médias pré e pós-RP da distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (305 ± 78 vs. 330 ± 96 m; p < 0,001) e da carga máxima (33 ± 21 vs. 39 ± 20 W; p = 0,02). Sob parâmetros de carga de trabalho equivalente, a RP levou a valores menores de consumo de oxigênio, produção de dióxido de carbono (VCO2) e ventilação minuto. O volume inspiratório (operacional) da caixa torácica diminuiu significativamente após a RP. Em 6 pacientes, a RP não aumentou a carga máxima. Após a RP, esses pacientes não apresentaram uma diminuição significativa na VCO2 durante o exercício, tiveram maiores volumes expiratórios finais da parede torácica com padrão respiratório mais rápido e superficial e continuaram a apresentar fadiga sintomática nas pernas. Conclusões: Na DPOC grave, a RP parece melhorar o consumo de oxigênio e reduzir VCO2, com uma diminuição proporcional no drive respiratório, mudanças essas que são refletidas nos volumes operacionais da parede torácica. Pacientes com hiperinsuflação grave pós-exercício e fadiga nas pernas podem ser incapazes de melhorar seu desempenho máximo apesar de completarem um programa de RP.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Exercise Therapy/methods , Exercise/physiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , Carbon Dioxide/metabolism , Exercise Test , Lung/physiopathology , Oxygen Consumption , Reference Values , Respiratory Function Tests , Severity of Illness Index , Statistics, Nonparametric , Task Performance and Analysis , Thoracic Wall/physiopathology , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Walking/physiology
19.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 32(6): e00085915, 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-785243

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (OPR) has shown positive results. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of home or community-based pulmonary rehabilitation (HCPR) in individuals with COPD. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials compared HCPR to controls and HCPR to OPR according to functional capacity, dyspnea, and quality of life in individuals with COPD. 3,172 citations were identified in databases, and 23 were included in this review. HCPR proved superior to controls based on functional capacity in the 6-Minute Walk Test and Incremental Shuttle Walk Test, and based on dyspnea and quality of life in the Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire and the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire. When HCPR and OPR were compared, there were no effect differences in functional capacity or quality of life. Improvement was greater in patients with more bronchial obstruction measured by FEV1. HCPR improves functional capacity and quality of life and decreases the sensation of dyspnea. Its benefits in functional capacity and quality of life are comparable to those obtained with OPR in individuals with COPD.


Resumo: A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) é uma das principais causas de morte e morbidade em todo o mundo e a reabilitação pulmonar ambulatorial (RPA) demonstra benefícios positivos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos da reabilitação pulmonar domiciliar ou comunitária (RPDC) em indivíduos com DPOC. Esta revisão sistemática e meta-análise de ensaios clínicos randomizados comparou os efeitos de RPDC vs. controle e RPDC vs. RPA na capacidade funcional, dispneia e qualidade de vida de indivíduos com DPOC. Foram identificadas 3.172 citações em bancos de dados e 23 foram incluídas nesta revisão. A RPDC foi superior ao grupo controle para a capacidade funcional no Teste da Caminhada de Seis Minutos e no Teste de Caminhada com Carga Progressiva, para dispneia e para qualidade de vida no Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire e no Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire. Quando RPDC e RPA foram comparados, não houve diferença entre os efeitos de intervenções nem na capacidade funcional nem na qualidade de vida. A melhora foi maior nos pacientes com mais obtrução brônquica medida pelo VEF1. RPDC melhora capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida, diminui a sensação de dispneia e de seus benefícios em capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida podem ser comparados aos obtidos em RPA para indivíduos com DPOC.


Resumen: La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es una de las principales causas de muerte y morbilidad en todo el mundo, contando la rehabilitación pulmonar ambulatoria (RPA) con beneficios positivos. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los efectos de la rehabilitación pulmonar domiciliaria o comunitaria (RPDC) en individuos con EPOC. Esta revisión sistemática y el metaanálisis de ensayos clínicos randomizados comparó los efectos de RPDC vs. control y RPDC vs. RPA en la capacidad funcional, disnea y calidad de vida de individuos con EPOC. Se identificaron 3.172 citas en bancos de datos y 23 se incluyeron en esta revisión. La RPDC fue superior al grupo control, respecto a la capacidad funcional en el Test de Paseo de 6 Minutos y en el Prueba de Caminata de Carga Progresiva; para la disnea y calidad de vida en el Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire y en el Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire. Cuando se compararon RPDC y RPA, no hubo diferencia entre los efectos de intervenciones, ni en la capacidad funcional, ni en la calidad de vida. La mejora fue mayor en los pacientes con más obstrucción bronquial, medida por el volumen espiratorio forzado durante el primer segundo. La RPDC mejora la capacidad funcional y calidad de vida, disminuye la sensación de disnea y sus beneficios en capacidad funcional y calidad de vida pueden ser comparados a los obtenidos en RPA para individuos con EPOC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , Home Nursing , Quality of Life , Case-Control Studies , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Dyspnea/physiopathology , Dyspnea/rehabilitation
20.
Conscientiae saúde (Impr.) ; 14(2): 291-297, 30 jun. 2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-771

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Fatores associados à melhora no incremental shuttle walking test (ISWT), em pacientes com DPOC não estão claros. Objetivo: Identificar o perfil dos pacientes com melhor desempenho no ISWT após treinamento físico. Métodos: Quarenta e dois pacientes com DPOC foram separados em dois grupos: melhora (GM) no ISWT (≥20 metros) e não melhora (GNM). Foram avaliados: espirometria, ISWT, teste da caminhada de seis minutos (TC6min), sensação de dispneia, dados antropométricos e de gravidade da doença. Resultados: Após treinamento, houve melhora na distância do ISWT (P=0,03). O GM apresentou pior desempenho no ISWT (P<0,0001) e maior sensação de dispneia (P=0,04) antes do treinamento. Os integrantes do GM e do GNM não apresentaram diferenças em relação aos dados antropométricos, bem como de gravidade da doença. Conclusões: Pacientes com mais sintomas e pior desempenho no ISWT inicial parecem ser os que mais melhoram sua capacidade máxima de exercício após treinamento físico.


Introduction: Factors associated with improvement in the incremental shuttle walking test (ISWT), in COPD patients, are not clear. Objective: To identify the profile of patients with better performance in the ISWT after physical training. Methods: Forty-two patients with COPD were separated into two groups: improvement (IG) in the ISWT (≥20 meters), and no improvement (NIG). Spirometry, ISWT, six-minute walk test (6MWT), sensations of dyspnea, anthropometric data and disease severity were evaluated. Results: After training, there was an improvement in the ISWT (P = 0.03). Patients from the IG showed poorer performance in the ISWT (P <0.0001) and greater sensation of dyspnea (P = 0.04) before training. Participants in the IG and NIG did not show any differences in anthropometric data and disease severity. Conclusions: Patients with more symptoms and poorer performance on the initial ISWT seem to be the ones who improve more after physical training.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Exercise , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , Longitudinal Studies , Exercise Movement Techniques/methods , Physical Exertion
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